Contents

  1. Introduction

    Christina Frasier

  2. How to Use this OER Handbook

    Darren Meritz and Melissa Elston

  3. Attribution Statement

    Christina Frasier

  4. Acknowledgements

    Christina Frasier

  5. I. Introduction to College Writing

    1. 1. College Success Skills

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; and Christina Frasier

    2. 2. Introducing Academic Writing

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; Core Curriculum; and Melissa Elston

    3. 3. What is Critical Reading?

      Robin Jeffrey; Christina Frasier; and Andrea Carl

  6. II. Rhetoric, Audience, and Purpose

    1. 4. Introduction to Rhetoric

      Melissa Elston

    2. 5. Understanding the Means of Persuasion

      Melissa Elston

    3. 6. Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation

      Melissa Elston; Elizabeth Browning; Kirsten DeVries; Kathy Boylan; Jenifer Kurtz; and Katelyn Burton

    4. 7. Considering Audience and Purpose in Academic Writing

      Jenn Kepka and Melissa Elston

    5. 8. Considering Genre in Writing

      Core Curriculum and Melissa Elston

    6. 9. Description

      Writing for Success

    7. 10. Narrative

      Writing for Success

    8. 11. Illustration

      Writing for Success

    9. 12. Definition

      Writing for Success

    10. 13. Classification

      Writing for Success

    11. 14. Process Analysis

      Writing for Success

    12. 15. Comparison and Contrast

      Writing for Success

    13. 16. Cause and Effect

      Writing for Success

    14. 17. Persuasion/Argument

      Writing for Success

    15. 18. Writing an Analysis of a Poem, Story, or Play

      James Sexton

    16. 19. Analysis of a Complex Issue

      Kirsten DeVries and Christina Frasier

    17. 20. Evaluation

      Phil West and Christina Frasier

    18. 21. Proposal

      Phil West and Christina Frasier

    19. 22. Rhetorical Analysis

      Elizabeth Browning; Melissa Elston; Kirsten DeVries; Kathy Boylan; Jenifer Kurtz; and Katelyn Burton

  7. III. Critical Thinking and Argument

    1. 23. What Is Argument?

      Kirsten DeVries and Christina Frasier

    2. 24. The Logical Structure of Arguments

      Core Curriculum and Kirsten DeVries

    3. 25. Elements of an Argument: Logos, Ethos, Pathos, and Kairos

      Core Curriculum and Christina Frasier

    4. 26. Claims, Support, and Structure

      Core Curriculum; Christina Frasier; and Kirsten DeVries

    5. 27. Using Sources as Evidence

      Core Curriculum and Christina Frasier

    6. 28. Framing, Word Choice, and Biases

      Core Curriculum and Christina Frasier

    7. 29. The Rogerian Argument

      Kirsten DeVries and Christina Frasier

    8. 30. The Toulmin Argument Model

      Kirsten DeVries and Christina Frasier

    9. 31. Appeals to Ethos, Logos, and Pathos and Logical Fallacies

      Core Curriculum and Christina Frasier

    10. 32. Repository of Logical Fallacies

      Kirsten DeVries; Core Curriculum; and Christina Frasier

    11. 33. Quantitative or Qualitative?

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries

    12. 34. Data as Sources

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries

    13. 35. Collecting Data

      Izabela Mazur and Kim Moshenko

    14. 36. Data Visualization

      Emily Bongiovanni; Christina Frasier; and Brianna Buljung

  8. IV. Research and Working with Sources

    1. 37. Using Sources in Your Writing

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    2. 38. Fact or Opinion?

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    3. 39. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    4. 40. Publication Formats and the Information Lifecycle

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    5. 41. News as a Source

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    6. 42. People as Sources

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    7. 43. Thinking Critically About Sources

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    8. 44. Precision Searching

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries; Robin Jeffrey; and Christina Frasier

    9. 45. Evaluating for Relevancy

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    10. 46. Evaluating for Credibility

      Robin Jeffrey; Christina Frasier; and Teaching & Learning, University Libraries

    11. 47. Combining the Factors

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries and Christina Frasier

    12. 48. Summarizing, Quoting, and Paraphrasing

      Lisa Ford and Christina Frasier

    13. 49. Focusing on Quoting

      Christina Frasier and Lisa Ford

    14. 50. Focusing on Paraphrasing

      Christina Frasier and Lisa Ford

    15. 51. Avoiding Plagiarism

      Teaching & Learning, University Libraries; Christina Frasier; and Lisa Ford

    16. 52. Synthesizing Sources

      Phil West and Christina Frasier

  9. V. The Writing Process: Development and Drafting

    1. 53. The Writing Process

      Elizabeth Browning; Kirsten DeVries; Kathy Boylan; Jenifer Kurtz; Katelyn Burton; and Christina Frasier

    2. 54. Understanding the Assignment

      Robin Jeffrey; Jenn Kepka; and Melissa Elston

    3. 55. Checklist: Planning a Document

      Robin Jeffrey and Melissa Elston

    4. 56. Constructing an Outline

      Robin Jeffrey and Melissa Elston

    5. 57. Prewriting

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; and Melissa Elston

    6. 58. Drafting

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; and Tasha Williams

    7. 59. Thesis Sentences

      Robin Jeffrey; Christina Frasier; Excelsior Online Writing Lab; Arthur Rankin, Odessa College; and Melissa Elston

    8. 60. Introductory Paragraph: Establishing Reader Interest and Writing a Strong Thesis

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; and Melissa Elston

    9. 61. Body Paragraphs

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; and Christina Frasier

    10. 62. Conclusions

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; and Christina Frasier

    11. 63. Revision

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; and Tasha Williams

    12. 64. Strategies for Analyzing and Revising a First Draft

      Robin Jeffrey; Melissa Elston; and Christina Frasier

    13. 65. Checklist: Revision

      Robin Jeffrey and Melissa Elston

    14. 66. Editing

      Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; and Melissa Elston

    15. 67. How to Be a Constructive Peer Reviewer

      Robin Jeffrey and Melissa Elston

  10. VI. Academic Voice

    1. 68. Objectivity and Bias

      Christina Frasier

    2. 69. Point of View

      Christina Frasier

    3. 70. Concise Writing and Word Choice

      Christina Frasier

    4. 71. Passive Voice

      Christina Frasier

    5. 72. Expletive Constructions

      Christina Frasier

  11. VII. Grammar and Punctuation

    1. Sentence Fragments

      Jared Aragona

    2. Excessive Subordination

      Jared Aragona

    3. Run-On Sentences

      Jared Aragona

    4. Mixed Constructions

      Jared Aragona

    5. Subject-Verb Agreement, Basic Standards

      Jared Aragona

    6. Verbs: Progressive Tense

      Jared Aragona

    7. Verbs: Perfect Progressive Tense

      Jared Aragona

    8. Verbs: Modals

      Jared Aragona

    9. Use of -d or -ed Endings When Appropriate

      Jared Aragona

    10. Active Voice Verbs

      Jared Aragona

    11. Consistent Verb Tense

      Jared Aragona

    12. Subjunctive Mood

      Jared Aragona

    13. Subject-Verb Agreement, Compound Subjects

      Jared Aragona

    14. Subject-Verb Agreement, Separation of Subject and Verb

      Jared Aragona

    15. Subject-Verb Agreement, Indefinite Pronouns

      Jared Aragona

    16. Subject-Verb Agreement, Collective Nouns

      Jared Aragona

    17. Subject-Verb Agreement, Subject Follows the Verb

      Jared Aragona

    18. Subject-Verb Agreement with who, which, and that

      Jared Aragona

    19. Verbs: Perfect Tense

      Jared Aragona

    20. Capitalization

      Jared Aragona

    21. Improper Random Capitalization

      Jared Aragona

    22. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Problems

      Jared Aragona

    23. Pronoun Agreement, Indefinite Pronouns

      Jared Aragona

    24. Pronoun Agreement, Collective Nouns

      Jared Aragona

    25. Pronoun Agreement, Subject and Object Pronouns

      Jared Aragona

    26. Who vs. Whom

      Jared Aragona

    27. Unclear Pronoun Reference

      Jared Aragona

    28. Pronoun Consistency

      Jared Aragona

    29. Adjectives and Adverbs

      Jared Aragona

    30. Double Negatives

      Jared Aragona

    31. -ed, -en, or -ing Endings with Participial Adjectives

      Jared Aragona

    32. Misplaced Modifiers

      Jared Aragona

    33. Dangling Modifiers

      Jared Aragona

    34. Periods

      Jared Aragona

    35. Question Marks

      Jared Aragona

    36. Exclamation Points

      Jared Aragona

    37. Comma with Compound Sentences

      Jared Aragona

    38. Comma with Introductory Word or Words

      Jared Aragona

    39. Comma with Items in a Series

      Jared Aragona

    40. Comma with Non-Essential Elements Inside a Sentence

      Jared Aragona

    41. Comma with Non-Essential Elements at the End of a Sentence

      Jared Aragona

    42. Comma with Coordinate Adjectives

      Jared Aragona

    43. Comma with Dialogue or Quote Integration

      Jared Aragona

    44. Conventional Uses of Comma

      Jared Aragona

    45. No Comma with Essential Elements

      Jared Aragona

    46. No Comma between Major Grammatical Elements

      Jared Aragona

    47. No Comma Between Compound Elements that are not Clauses

      Jared Aragona

    48. No Comma Between Non-Coordinate Adjectives

      Jared Aragona

    49. Comma Use to Prevent Confusion

      Jared Aragona

    50. Semicolons with Independent Clauses

      Jared Aragona

    51. Semicolons with Items in a Series with Internal Punctuation

      Jared Aragona

    52. Semicolons with Conjunctive Adverbs and Transitional Expressions

      Jared Aragona

    53. Improper Semicolon Use Where There Should be a Comma

      Jared Aragona

    54. Colon Use to Introduce a List, a Quote, or Examples after Independent Clauses

      Jared Aragona

    55. Common Misuses of a Colon

      Jared Aragona

    56. Quotation Marks – Direct Quotes

      Jared Aragona

    57. Quotation Marks – Capitalization/Punctuation

      Jared Aragona

    58. Quotation Marks – Quotes Inside Quotes

      Jared Aragona

    59. Quotation Marks — Titles

      Jared Aragona

    60. Integrating Quotations

      Jared Aragona

    61. Block Quotations – Block Quote Format

      Jared Aragona

    62. Brackets

      Jared Aragona

    63. Ellipses

      Jared Aragona

    64. Use Hanging Indentation for Works Cited/References

      Jared Aragona

    65. Apostrophe for Possession

      Jared Aragona

    66. Apostrophe for Contractions

      Jared Aragona

    67. Misuses of Apostrophe

      Jared Aragona

    68. Parentheses

      Jared Aragona

    69. Items in a Series

      Jared Aragona

    70. Hyphens

      Jared Aragona

    71. Titles of Long Works

      Jared Aragona

    72. Dashes

      Jared Aragona

    73. Word Usage-- Easily Confused Words

      Jared Aragona

    74. -S endings on Nouns

      Jared Aragona

    75. Articles and Nouns

      Jared Aragona

    76. Numbers

      Jared Aragona

    77. Vessels

      Jared Aragona

    78. Preposition Usage

      Jared Aragona

  12. VIII. Format

    1. 73. Why Do We Use Professional Formats?

      Kara Blizzard; Sarah Bailey; and Doris Wagner

    2. 74. Why Do We Cite?

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    3. 75. MLA and APA: A Point-by-Point Comparison

      Christina Frasier

    4. 76. MLA Signal Phrases

      Robin Jeffrey

    5. 77. MLA: What is an In-Text Citation?

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    6. 78. MLA In-Text Citations

      Jared Aragona

    7. 79. MLA Citation Examples

      Robin Jeffrey

    8. 80. MLA Works Cited Page Example

      Jared Aragona

    9. 81. MLA: Citing Articles

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    10. 82. MLA: Citing Books

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    11. 83. MLA: Citing Personal Communications

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    12. 84. MLA: Citing Audiovisual Works

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    13. 85. MLA: Example Works Cited List

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    14. 86. MLA: Citing Webpages and Social Media

      Sarah Bailey; Kara Blizzard; Doris Wagner; and Christina Frasier

    15. 87. APA Signal Phrases

      Robin Jeffrey

    16. 88. APA: Two Types of Documentation: In-text Citations and References List Entries

      Sarah Adams; Debbie Feisst; and Christina Frasier

    17. 89. APA: What Is an In-Text Citation?

      Jared Aragona and Christina Frasier

    18. 90. APA What is a References List?

      Sarah Adams; Debbie Feisst; and Christina Frasier

    19. 91. APA: Creating a References List

      Sarah Adams and Debbie Feisst

    20. 92. APA: References Page Example

      Jared Aragona and Christina Frasier

  14. Appendix: Glossary of Literary Terms

    James Sexton